钙钛矿是一种具有ABX3结构的材料, 由德国矿物学家Gustav Rose首先发现并命名为Perovskite, 以纪念俄罗斯矿物学家Lev Perovski[8]。2009年杂化钙钛矿作为光电转换材料首次应用于太阳能电池[9], 发展至今, 全球认证的单结钙钛矿太阳能电池转换效率已高于25%, 从电池效率角度来看，钙钛矿太阳能电池在如此短的时间里走过了晶体硅太阳能电池近七十年的发展历程。我国科学家不仅对钙钛矿太阳能电池在各应用领域的发展做出了卓越贡献[10-11], 而且对钙钛矿材料的多铁性、离子迁移、稳定性等材料机理开展了深入而卓有成效的研究[12-13]。新型钙钛矿材料的研究涉及多个学科领域, 包括无机材料、光电子学、有机合成、物理化学、力学、生物医学等。钙钛矿材料及器件性能的不断突破和发展得益于各个学科的专家学者在材料制备、性能调控、微纳制造、工程应用、材料机理等方面的通力合作[14]。
新型钙钛矿材料的研究依然充满诸多未知, 无论是材料、界面和器件研究, 还是能量转换应用研究, 乃至其深层次的物化机理研究, 都还有待进一步探索与挖掘。基于此, 《无机材料学报》编辑部邀请云南大学张文华教授和河北师范大学赵晋津教授共同担任特邀编辑, 组织复旦大学、南京理工大学、兰州大学、中国工程物理研究院、中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所等多家单位, 出版“新型钙钛矿材料与光电器件”专辑。本专辑致力于多方面展示本领域的最新研究成果和应用进展, 内容涉及材料合成与调控、器件设计与优化、性能测试与应用等关键领域, 旨在为读者展开钙钛矿光电材料的神秘画卷。
Under the guidance of achieving the national dual carbon goal, novel perovskite has drawn great concern in multiple fields. Various national policies related to the perovskite solar cell industry in China have been continually released, providing strong support for the development of novel perovskite materials (e.g.halide perovskite) and their photoelectric devices[1-2]. Owing to the advantages of large optical absorption coefficient, tunable band gap, strong photo-induced electron ability, long carrier diffusion distance, dual p/n type, high photoluminescence quantum yield, narrow half-peak width, ferroelectricity, tunabilities of ion migration, and dimensionality[3-4], novel perovskites are promising in the fields of photoelectric conversion, electro-optical conversion and photo-photo conversion (all-optical conversion)[5], especially for solar cells, luminescent displays, resistive transformers, memristors, ray detection, nanomedicine tracer etc[6-7].
Perovskite (PVK) is the mineral with crystal structure of ABX3, discovered by German mineralogist Gustav Rose in memory of Russian scientist Lev Perovski[8]. Novel organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials were firstly applied to solar cells as the photovoltaic conversion materials in 2009[9]. Up to now, conversion efficiency of certified single-junction perovskite solar cells has exceeded 25%, comparable to that of crystalline silicon solar cells which have developed for nearly seven decades. Chinese scientists have not only made remarkable contributions to the development of various perovskite applications including photovoltaics[10-11], but also carried out in-depth and fruitful research in their mechanisms as ferroelectricity, ion migration etc[12-13]. The study on novel perovskite materials involves interdiscipline such as inorganic material, optoelectronics, organic synthesis, physical chemistry, mechanics, and biomedicine. The collaboration of researchers from interdiscipline for material preparation, property modulation, micro- and nano-fabrication, applications, and mechanisms is required to achieve more breakthroughs in perovskites[14].
Research of halide perovskites is still full of unknowns, including material manufacturing, interfaces and devices, applications for energy conversion, and deep mechanisms, which needs more researchers to dedicate in. Therefore, the editorial board of Journal of Inorganic Materials invites Prof. Zhang Wenhua from Yunnan University and Prof. Zhao Jinjin from Hebei Normal University as contribution editors to organize articles of Fudan University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of Chinese Academy of Sciences etc., and publish a special issue on the topic of Novel Perovskite Materials and Photoelectric Devices. This special issue is dedicated to presenting the latest research progress in multiple domains in this field, involving key areas of synthesis and regulation of materials, design and optimization of devices, and performance testing and applications, aiming to unfold a comprehensive and in-depth scroll of novel photoelectric perovskite.
参考文献
Efficient, stable formamidinium-cesium perovskite solar cells and minimodules enabled by crystallization regulation
Structural symmetry impressing carrier dynamics of halide perovskite
Strain engineering of metal halide perovskites on coupling anisotropic behaviors
Perovskite quantum dot photovoltaic and luminescent concentrator cells: current status and challenges
Solar thermal radiant energy is abundant in storage and pollution-free, and is one of the most competitive clean energies in the future. In recent years, halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are widely used in solar cells and luminescent concentrator solar cells due to their excellent photoelectric properties and unique advantages such as quantum confinement effect and solution processing, and possess vast application prospects, but they are still facing many challenges in future commercial applications. In this review, optimization strategies for improving cell performance are emphatically summarized combined with the domestic and foreign research progress in the field of PQD solar cells. The application of PQDs in luminescent concentrator cells is introduced. Finally, the current challenges in this field are elaborated, and its development trends are prospected. This review provides some ideas for the design and development of the photovoltaic technology in the future.
Recent advances in high-efficiency perovskite for medical sensors
Advances in designing perovskite catalysts
Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells
Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH(3)NH(3)PbBr(3) and CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3), were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO(2) films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH(3)NH(3)PbBr(3)-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.
Inactive (Pbl2)2RbCl stabilizes perovskite films for efficient solar cells
\n In halide perovskite solar cells the formation of secondary-phase excess lead iodide (PbI\n 2\n ) has some positive effects on power conversion efficiency (PCE) but can be detrimental to device stability and lead to large hysteresis effects in voltage sweeps. We converted PbI\n 2\n into an inactive (PbI\n 2\n )\n 2\n RbCl compound by RbCl doping, which effectively stabilizes the perovskite phase. We obtained a certified PCE of 25.6% for FAPbI\n 3\n (FA, formamidinium) perovskite solar cells on the basis of this strategy. Devices retained 96% of their original PCE values after 1000 hours of shelf storage and 80% after 500 hours of thermal stability testing at 85°C.\n
High performance hybrid solar cells sensitized by organolead halide perovskites
Photovoltaic switching mechanism in lateral structure hybrid perovskite solar cells
Photoinduced strain in organometal halide perovskites
There is a lack of fundamental understanding of mechano-electro-optical multifield coupling for organometallic halide perovskites (OHPs). In this study, the effect of light irradiation on OHPs' mechanical properties was investigated by atomic force microscopy. In the dark, an MAPbI film was dominated by grains with a Young's modulus of approximately 5.94 GPa, which decreased to 2.97 GPa under light illumination. The photoinduced strain distribution within the polycrystalline MAPbI film was not uniform, and the maximum strain generated inside individual grains was 5.8%. Furthermore, the illumination-induced strain promoted the formation of ferroelastic domains. The Young's modulus of one domain increased from 8.99 to 25.27 GPa, whereas the Young's modulus of an adjacent domain decreased from 14.9 to 1.30 GPa. According to the density-functional-theory calculations, the observed photoinduced strain-promoted variations in mechanical properties were caused by the reversible migration of MA cations. These findings can help establish the relationship among the mechanical-chemical-optoelectronic characteristics of OHPs.
