以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅溶胶, 研究了溶 胶体系中H₂O、盐酸的含量和不同溶剂对其电纺性能及分散形态的影响. FESEM 观察结果表明, 当H₂O/TEOS的摩尔比为1～2时, 电纺纤维表面光滑且连续, 当H₂O/TEOS的摩尔比为4时, 形成堆积在一起的圆形颗粒; 当HCl/TEOS的摩尔比 为0.01～0.10时, 随着HCl的增加, 电纺纤维相互粘结, 形成交叉的网状结 构; 用四氢呋喃和丙酮作溶剂电纺, 形成了珠节较多的纤维, 用乙醇电纺形 成了完全没有珠节的长纤维.

The silica sol was prepared by a sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the starting material. Effects of acetic acid, water, and solvents on the spinnability and morphologies of electrospun fibers were investigated. The morphologies of fibers were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). When the molar ratio of water/TEOS was 1～2, electrospun fibers were smooth and continual. When the ratio was 4, circular pellets were gained. When the molar ratio of HCl/TEOS was 0.01-0.10, fibers became utual cementation, and formed intercross network structure with HCl content icreased. By using THF, acetone or ethyl alcohol respectively as solvent, the sols were spinnable. With THF or acetone as solvent, the electrospun fibers had numerous beads, but with ethyl alcohol as solvent, the fibers were continual and long without any bead.