| 1997 | Lotus leaf | Superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning | [8-9] |
| 2000 | Gecko foot-hair
Spider silk | Superhydrophobicity, high adhesion
Water collection | [10]
[23] |
| 2001 | Desert beetle | Superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity | [11] |
| 2002 | Rice leaf
Cactus stems | Superhydrophobicity, anisotropic wetting
Fog collection, gradient wetting | [2]
[24] |
| 2004 | Water strider leg
Cicada wing | Superhydrophobicity, fluid friction reduction
Superhydrophobicity, antireflection | [12]
[13] |
| 2006 | Nepenthes pitcher plant | Slippery, underwater omniphobicity | [31-34] |
| 2007 | Butterfly wing
Mosquito eye | Anisotropic wetting, structural coloration
Antireflection, antifogging | [14]
[15] |
| 2008 | Red rose petal | Superhydrophobicity, high or low adhesion | [16] |
| 2009 | Fish scale | Superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity | [17] |
| 2010 | Salvinia leaf
Shark skin | Superhydrophobicity, high adhesion
Fluid drag reduction | [18-19]
[26-27] |
| 2011 | Poplar leaf hair
Springtail cuticle | Superhydrophobicity, antireflection
Superamphiphobicity | [20]
[28] |
| 2012 | Clam shell | Superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity | [21] |
| 2016 | Penguin feather
Skimmer beak | Icephobicity
Drag reduction | [22]
[29] |
| 2018 | Sarracenia trichome
Earthworms | Water harvesting and transport
Self-replenishing lubrication, friction reduction, antifouling | [25]
[30] |